The Institutions
The French Constitution enshrines the separation of powers (executive,
legislative and judicial).
France is a parliamentary republic. The executive power is exercised by the
President of the Republic and the Government.
The President of the Republic is elected by all French citizens by
means of universal suffrage. The mandate lasts for five years and can be renewed
once.
The Government acts under the authority of the Prime Minister,
appointed by the President of the Republic. It determines and pursues the
country’s policies.
The executive power implements laws and pursues national policy. To this end,
it has the power to adopt regulations and is responsible for administration and
the armed forces. It may have recourse to means of constraint with respect to
the legislative body (e.g. dissolution of one of the chambers).
The Parliament embodies the legislative power and consists of two
assemblies: the Assemblée Nationale (National Assembly) and the Senate. It is
responsible for drafting and adopting laws. It also controls the executive
power.
The judicial power applies the law to settle disputes between
individuals or between the State and the latter. Its independence is of
paramount importance since this is essential to ensure impartiality.
Lastly, the Constitution also defines the way in which local
authorities are organised. It indicates the respective powers of the State and
of local institutions.
Local Authorities
Each region is administered by a regional “préfet” or prefect, who
represents the authority of the State, and by a regional council, elected by
means of universal suffrage, the president of which has executive power.
Each department is administered by a departmental prefect, who represents the
authority of the State, and by a regional council, elected by means of universal
suffrage, the president of which has executive power.
Each municipality is administered by a mayor, his/her deputies and the
municipal council. They are all elected by means of universal suffrage.
Source: European Union
© European Communities, 1995-2006
Reproduction is authorised.
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